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Biodiversity

The word "biodiversity" is a contracted version of "biological diversity". The Convention on Biological Diversity defines biodiversity as:"the variability among living organisms from all sources including, interAlia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems."

Variety of Living Things and their Classification

a) The living things found in Earth are humans, animal and plants.

b) A living things is known as organism.

c) Animals and plants have various shapes , sizes and habitats.

d) The differences that exist between the same species of living things are called variation.

Classification Of Animals

a) Invertebrates (animals without back bones )

b) Vertebrates ( animal with backbones )

Invertebrates

a) Invertebrates are animal which don’t have backbones.

b) Invertebrates make up the most numbers of animal in the world,

c) Most invertebrates live in water.

d) Some invertebrates have hard external skeleton for protection such as crab and beetle.

e) Some invertebrates have soft bodies using their fluids for support like earthworms and leeches .

f) Generally, invertebrates can be classified into two group that is :

i)with jointed legs

ii)without jointed legs

*Invertebrates can also be classified as :

Many legs

Six legs

Eight legs

No legs

Vertebrates

1)Vertebrates are animal with backbones

2)Warm-blooded vertebrates maintain their body temperatures at a constant level. Cold blooded vertebrates have body temperatures that change according to the temperature of their surrounding .

3)Vertebrates can be divided into five main groups , which are fish , amphibians , reptiles ,birds and mammals.

4)groups of vertebrates :

a) Fish c) Reptiles e) Mammals

b) Amphibians d) Birds

Fish

A fish is any gill-bearing aquatic vertebrate (or craniate) animal that lacks limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as various extinct related groups. Because the term is defined negatively, and excludes the tetra pods (i.e., the amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) which descend from within the same ancestry, it is paraphyletic. The traditional term Pisces is considered a typological, but not a phylogenetic classification.

Amphibians

Amphibians ,such as frogs, salamanders, and caecilians, are ectodermic (or cold-blooded) animals that metamorphose from a juvenile water-breathing form, either to an adult air-breathing form, or to a paedomorph that retains some juvenile characteristics. Mudpuppies, for example, retain juvenile gills in adulthood. The three modern orders of amphibians are Anura , Caudata (salamanders and newts), and Gymnophiona (caecilians, limbless amphibians that resemble snakes), and in total they number approximately 6,500 species.

Reptiles

Reptiles are animals in the (Linnaean) class Reptilia. They are characterized by breathing air, laying shelled eggs (except for some snakes called vipers that give live birth), and having skin covered in scales and/or scutes. Reptiles are classically viewed as having a "cold-blooded" metabolism. They are tetrapods (either having four limbs or being descended from four-limbed ancestors). Modern reptiles inhabit every continent with the exception of Antarctica, and four living orders are currently recognized.

Birds

Birds (class Ave) are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic (warm-blooded), egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species makes them the most specious class of tetra-pod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) Bee Hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) Ostrich

Mammals

Mammals are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterized by the possession of hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young. Most mammals also possess sweat glands and specialized teeth, and the largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta which feeds the offspring during gestation. The mammalian brain, with its characteristic neocortex, regulates endothermic and circulatory systems, including a four-chambered heart.